1 00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:03,411 第九章利用生物反馈我父亲是个相当 2 00:00:03,423 --> 00:00:05,536 快乐和放松的人这在一定 3 00:00:05,549 --> 00:00:07,937 程度上得益于他每周三次开车 4 00:00:08,037 --> 00:00:10,412 去一家藏在RadioShack楼上的舞蹈 5 00:00:10,425 --> 00:00:13,436 工作室在那个明亮铺着硬木地板 6 00:00:13,436 --> 00:00:16,125 的房间里一个肌肉发达剃着 7 00:00:16,137 --> 00:00:19,486 光头穿着冲浪短裤的男人用英语 8 00:00:19,512 --> 00:00:21,949 和梵语混合的低语指导着动作 9 00:00:22,524 --> 00:00:24,149 我父亲和班上的其他人 10 00:00:24,250 --> 00:00:27,036 弯曲扭转成各种奇怪的姿势窗户 11 00:00:27,036 --> 00:00:29,161 因他们集体呼吸的水汽而变得 12 00:00:29,161 --> 00:00:32,387 模糊我父亲练习瑜伽已经快十年 13 00:00:32,387 --> 00:00:35,850 了我一直热爱运动但多年来我 14 00:00:35,850 --> 00:00:37,825 都不明白这种奇特的长时间 15 00:00:37,837 --> 00:00:40,500 伸展有什么了不起但在我自己 16 00:00:40,524 --> 00:00:42,862 开始练习瑜伽并学习了更多关于 17 00:00:42,887 --> 00:00:45,237 抑郁症的神经科学之后这项 18 00:00:45,262 --> 00:00:47,112 古老的实践开始重塑我对 19 00:00:47,125 --> 00:00:50,075 身体与大脑之间关系的理解几十年 20 00:00:50,075 --> 00:00:53,325 来瑜伽修行者一直声称瑜伽可以 21 00:00:53,337 --> 00:00:57,575 改善抑郁减轻慢性疼痛缓解压力甚至 22 00:00:57,587 --> 00:01:01,075 增强免疫系统降低血压这听起来 23 00:01:01,186 --> 00:01:04,049 可能像许多新时代的胡言乱语但令人 24 00:01:04,061 --> 00:01:06,625 惊讶的是上述每一项现在 25 00:01:06,637 --> 00:01:09,186 都得到了科学研究的支持摆出 26 00:01:09,212 --> 00:01:11,349 骄傲的战士或乌鸦的姿势能 27 00:01:11,349 --> 00:01:13,825 产生如此广泛的效果这似乎有点 28 00:01:13,837 --> 00:01:17,125 神奇但这并非魔法这是神经科学 29 00:01:17,686 --> 00:01:20,912 这一章不仅仅关乎瑜伽它涉及 30 00:01:20,936 --> 00:01:23,900 生物反馈这简单来说就是大脑 31 00:01:23,900 --> 00:01:26,200 会根据身体的活动改变其活动 32 00:01:26,200 --> 00:01:29,361 状态而瑜伽恰好通过有意识的生物 33 00:01:29,361 --> 00:01:32,462 反馈来增强大脑的变化人们有时 34 00:01:32,474 --> 00:01:35,849 认为生物反馈需要技术设备比如心率 35 00:01:35,861 --> 00:01:38,087 监测仪或其他能告诉你身体 36 00:01:38,087 --> 00:01:40,662 状态的设备虽然技术可以让你 37 00:01:40,686 --> 00:01:42,799 更容易理解身体的变化但你 38 00:01:42,799 --> 00:01:45,262 的大脑并不需要这些设备它 39 00:01:45,275 --> 00:01:47,936 完全有能力关注你的身体你的心率 40 00:01:48,137 --> 00:01:51,474 呼吸频率肌肉紧张度以及数十种其他 41 00:01:51,486 --> 00:01:56,037 身体活动事实上无论你是否意识到你 42 00:01:56,037 --> 00:01:59,637 的大脑一直都在关注所有这些事情尝试 43 00:01:59,650 --> 00:02:02,712 瑜伽瑜伽几乎运用了本章提到的 44 00:02:02,736 --> 00:02:07,061 所有建议包括伸展呼吸放松和姿势 45 00:02:07,075 --> 00:02:11,611 变化事实上它确实有助于治疗抑郁那些 46 00:02:11,637 --> 00:02:13,537 包含后弯和打开胸腔的瑜伽 47 00:02:13,537 --> 00:02:16,848 姿势尤其能有效提升积极情绪我们 48 00:02:16,848 --> 00:02:20,062 知道大脑可以控制身体尤其是在情绪 49 00:02:20,074 --> 00:02:22,275 这类事情上当你感到害怕 50 00:02:22,300 --> 00:02:25,074 或兴奋时心跳会加速当你 51 00:02:25,086 --> 00:02:28,736 感到沮丧时会咬紧牙关但事实证明 52 00:02:29,037 --> 00:02:31,250 就像本书中几乎所有其他 53 00:02:31,262 --> 00:02:34,250 内容一样情绪并非单向的它们是 54 00:02:34,250 --> 00:02:37,175 一个反馈循环大脑会根据身体的 55 00:02:37,187 --> 00:02:40,050 动作来改变其活动即使是像 56 00:02:40,074 --> 00:02:43,211 改变姿势放松面部或放慢呼吸这样 57 00:02:43,236 --> 00:02:44,912 简单的动作也能对你的 58 00:02:44,925 --> 00:02:47,900 大脑活动产生显著影响进而影响你 59 00:02:47,900 --> 00:02:51,574 的压力想法和情绪这些变化通常 60 00:02:51,574 --> 00:02:53,586 是短暂的但也可能持续很 61 00:02:53,586 --> 00:02:56,574 长时间特别是当它们涉及改变习惯 62 00:02:56,574 --> 00:02:59,473 时通过增强对身体状态的意识 63 00:02:59,848 --> 00:03:02,473 你可以进一步提高生物反馈的效果 64 00:03:03,050 --> 00:03:05,461 生物反馈的工作原理你的大脑 65 00:03:05,486 --> 00:03:07,762 不断接收来自身体其他部位的信号 66 00:03:08,187 --> 00:03:11,348 告诉它如何感受学会理解和控制 67 00:03:11,375 --> 00:03:14,262 这些信号是启动向上螺旋的重要 68 00:03:14,262 --> 00:03:17,037 部分你的大脑中有多个区域 69 00:03:17,162 --> 00:03:19,611 专门处理来自身体的感觉你的 70 00:03:19,625 --> 00:03:24,098 每一种感官味觉嗅觉听觉触觉和 71 00:03:24,111 --> 00:03:26,762 视觉都拥有自己的一片感觉皮层 72 00:03:27,336 --> 00:03:30,723 此外某些感觉还带有情感成分这些 73 00:03:30,736 --> 00:03:33,986 成分会由脑岛进一步处理不同类型 74 00:03:33,986 --> 00:03:36,250 的感官处理在疼痛方面表现得 75 00:03:36,275 --> 00:03:39,525 最为明显例如如果你的额头撞 76 00:03:39,525 --> 00:03:41,574 到了橱柜触觉皮层可能会 77 00:03:41,598 --> 00:03:43,775 注意到这一点并想有 78 00:03:43,775 --> 00:03:45,111 什么东西撞到了我的头 79 00:03:45,512 --> 00:03:48,449 而脑岛则会处理哎哟疼 80 00:03:48,750 --> 00:03:51,973 疼疼你是饿了还是压力 81 00:03:51,973 --> 00:03:54,912 大不幸的是情绪感知并不 82 00:03:54,912 --> 00:03:57,848 十分精确你的大脑常常会误解 83 00:03:57,861 --> 00:04:01,062 它们例如你的大脑接收到一个 84 00:04:01,074 --> 00:04:04,236 信号表明胃里正在发生什么它 85 00:04:04,236 --> 00:04:06,875 可能将其解读为饥饿但实际上 86 00:04:07,150 --> 00:04:10,400 可能只是你压力大反之亦然这类 87 00:04:10,412 --> 00:04:12,550 信号就像你汽车的检查引擎 88 00:04:12,550 --> 00:04:15,312 灯提醒你正在发生某事但 89 00:04:15,312 --> 00:04:17,500 并没有多大帮助告诉你具体 90 00:04:17,512 --> 00:04:20,125 是什么冷静地对自己的感受 91 00:04:20,225 --> 00:04:23,899 进行自我评估有助于区分这些信号除了 92 00:04:23,911 --> 00:04:27,225 疼痛许多其他感觉也带有情绪成分 93 00:04:27,550 --> 00:04:30,925 比如肌肉紧张或胃部不适这些感觉 94 00:04:30,925 --> 00:04:34,637 的神经信号由迷走神经传递迷走神经遍布 95 00:04:34,649 --> 00:04:37,286 你的上半身向大脑发送关于心率 96 00:04:37,562 --> 00:04:40,586 呼吸消化和其他通常带有情绪成分 97 00:04:40,586 --> 00:04:42,937 的身体功能的信息抑郁中的 98 00:04:42,961 --> 00:04:46,286 生物反馈还记得你妈妈常说别做 99 00:04:46,286 --> 00:04:49,175 那个表情不然会一直那样吗她 100 00:04:49,175 --> 00:04:51,411 说的有点道理皱眉会让你 101 00:04:51,425 --> 00:04:54,475 感觉更糟从而更可能皱眉如果 102 00:04:54,475 --> 00:04:56,762 你不了解生物反馈的力量它 103 00:04:56,762 --> 00:04:59,012 可能会无意中让你陷入或保持 104 00:04:59,012 --> 00:05:01,411 在一种向下的螺旋中在抑郁 105 00:05:01,425 --> 00:05:04,362 状态下人们往往会无意中产生许多 106 00:05:04,387 --> 00:05:07,774 负面的生物反馈类型例如一种胆怯 107 00:05:07,800 --> 00:05:10,300 或退缩的姿势通常伴随着肩膀 108 00:05:10,324 --> 00:05:12,762 向前下垂这会增加他们的悲伤 109 00:05:12,762 --> 00:05:15,362 感抑郁的人还会遭受肌肉 110 00:05:15,362 --> 00:05:17,850 紧张加剧的困扰这会加剧焦虑 111 00:05:17,850 --> 00:05:20,512 感以及心率变异性降低这对 112 00:05:20,512 --> 00:05:22,737 你的情绪有很大影响无论 113 00:05:22,737 --> 00:05:25,725 你是否听说过心率变异性正如其 114 00:05:25,725 --> 00:05:28,661 名大多数健康人的心率会有轻微 115 00:05:28,675 --> 00:05:32,524 波动时而稍快时而稍慢迷走神经 116 00:05:32,550 --> 00:05:35,225 传递信息每次呼气时都会使 117 00:05:35,250 --> 00:05:39,211 心率减慢然而抑郁症患者的迷走神经 118 00:05:39,225 --> 00:05:42,911 活动较少因此心率变化不大他们的 119 00:05:42,925 --> 00:05:46,237 心跳保持稳定像节拍器一样这一 120 00:05:46,237 --> 00:05:50,225 点非常重要以至于电刺激迷走神经实际上 121 00:05:50,250 --> 00:05:52,312 是一种治疗抑郁症的方法第 122 00:05:52,312 --> 00:05:56,074 12章不幸的是直接刺激迷走神经 123 00:05:56,175 --> 00:05:58,286 需要手术但你可以通过自己的 124 00:05:58,300 --> 00:06:00,387 行动来刺激它我们将在下面 125 00:06:00,399 --> 00:06:03,862 讨论冷水泼面突然的冷水泼 126 00:06:03,862 --> 00:06:06,687 在脸上会通过间接刺激迷走神经 127 00:06:06,786 --> 00:06:10,375 来减慢心率如果你感到不知所措压力 128 00:06:10,375 --> 00:06:13,425 大或焦虑找个水槽双手捧 129 00:06:13,425 --> 00:06:16,187 起冷水泼在脸上负面面部 130 00:06:16,199 --> 00:06:19,425 表情退缩的姿势肌肉紧张度增加 131 00:06:19,536 --> 00:06:21,925 以及心率变异性降低都是抑郁的 132 00:06:21,925 --> 00:06:25,375 症状然而正如我们大脑的许多方面 133 00:06:25,387 --> 00:06:28,149 一样这些不仅是抑郁的结果也是 134 00:06:28,161 --> 00:06:29,100 其原因的一部分 135 00:06:29,100 --> 00:06:32,036 利用音乐的力量无论是演奏乐器 136 00:06:32,137 --> 00:06:34,949 还是听收音机音乐都能增加心率 137 00:06:34,961 --> 00:06:37,199 变异性尽管创作音乐的效果更 138 00:06:37,199 --> 00:06:40,949 强音乐涉及大部分边缘系统包括海马 139 00:06:40,949 --> 00:06:43,187 体前扣带回和伏隔 140 00:06:43,187 --> 00:06:45,725 核这就是为什么音乐能激发 141 00:06:45,725 --> 00:06:48,800 动力带来愉悦感并有助于调节情绪 142 00:06:49,362 --> 00:06:51,487 它还能起到舒缓作用降低 143 00:06:51,487 --> 00:06:55,725 血压和减轻压力所以跟着收音机唱歌 144 00:06:55,887 --> 00:06:58,812 或者制作一份你最喜欢的歌曲播放列表 145 00:06:59,375 --> 00:07:01,798 更好的选择是去跳舞跳舞 146 00:07:01,824 --> 00:07:05,024 结合了音乐锻炼和社交因此你 147 00:07:05,024 --> 00:07:08,199 能获得三重提升推动情绪向上螺旋 148 00:07:08,774 --> 00:07:12,237 好消息是你可以改变这种反馈如果 149 00:07:12,262 --> 00:07:14,911 大脑接收到来自身体的信号表明 150 00:07:15,024 --> 00:07:18,086 它应该感到平静例如你正在缓慢 151 00:07:18,086 --> 00:07:21,024 地深呼吸或快乐你面带微笑 152 00:07:21,237 --> 00:07:24,225 昂首挺胸那么它就更有可能感到 153 00:07:24,225 --> 00:07:28,762 平静和快乐具体方法如下微笑你的微笑 154 00:07:28,862 --> 00:07:32,112 是一个强大的工具大多数人认为我们 155 00:07:32,125 --> 00:07:34,723 因为感到快乐而微笑但反过来也 156 00:07:34,736 --> 00:07:37,699 同样成立我们因为微笑而感到快乐 157 00:07:38,262 --> 00:07:41,598 微笑能增强积极情绪一项经典 158 00:07:41,598 --> 00:07:45,486 的20世纪80年代研究通过使用铅笔巧妙 159 00:07:45,486 --> 00:07:48,637 地让人们无意中微笑或皱眉7 160 00:07:48,649 --> 00:07:50,625 参与者并未被告知该实验 161 00:07:50,649 --> 00:07:53,512 旨在研究情绪而是被要求以三种 162 00:07:53,524 --> 00:07:56,812 方式之一握住铅笔用牙齿咬住铅笔 163 00:07:57,062 --> 00:07:59,762 嘴唇不接触铅笔用嘴唇夹住 164 00:07:59,774 --> 00:08:02,899 铅笔或用手握住铅笔用牙齿 165 00:08:02,923 --> 00:08:05,537 咬住铅笔而不让嘴唇接触会 166 00:08:05,548 --> 00:08:09,024 迫使嘴巴形成一种微笑用嘴唇夹 167 00:08:09,024 --> 00:08:12,000 住铅笔则无法微笑并迫使你 168 00:08:12,111 --> 00:08:14,887 做出一种皱眉的表情手握铅笔 169 00:08:14,887 --> 00:08:17,387 的组别是对照组一旦就位 170 00:08:17,750 --> 00:08:20,412 参与者观看漫画并评价其有趣 171 00:08:20,423 --> 00:08:23,611 程度微笑组认为漫画比皱眉组 172 00:08:23,637 --> 00:08:26,187 有趣得多而对照组则介于 173 00:08:26,211 --> 00:08:30,412 两者之间微笑这很简单还能 174 00:08:30,423 --> 00:08:33,412 改善你的心情你甚至不需要一支 175 00:08:33,412 --> 00:08:36,173 铅笔不要为了别人或对着镜子 176 00:08:36,173 --> 00:08:39,287 做只需放松面部的紧张感让 177 00:08:39,299 --> 00:08:42,912 嘴角自然上扬复杂而神奇的生物 178 00:08:42,912 --> 00:08:45,723 反馈过程就会启动在最近的 179 00:08:45,736 --> 00:08:47,761 一项研究中参与者观看了 180 00:08:47,774 --> 00:08:50,375 一系列情绪化的面孔并被指示 181 00:08:50,486 --> 00:08:53,549 要么抬起脸颊即微笑要么收缩 182 00:08:53,562 --> 00:08:56,649 眉毛即皱眉8当参与者微笑 183 00:08:56,649 --> 00:08:59,699 时他们发现图片中的面部表情 184 00:08:59,799 --> 00:09:02,437 比皱眉时更令人愉快所以当 185 00:09:02,437 --> 00:09:04,973 你微笑时你更有可能感知 186 00:09:04,973 --> 00:09:07,037 到他人的积极情绪这会对 187 00:09:07,037 --> 00:09:10,986 你的心情产生很大影响除此之外即使是 188 00:09:10,986 --> 00:09:13,361 一个短暂的微笑其效果也会 189 00:09:13,361 --> 00:09:17,098 持续几分钟笑如果你想获得最大 190 00:09:17,098 --> 00:09:19,574 的面部反馈益处那就笑吧 191 00:09:20,136 --> 00:09:23,049 即使没什么好笑的事只需张开嘴 192 00:09:23,162 --> 00:09:26,024 发出哈哈哈的声音大脑不太区分 193 00:09:26,049 --> 00:09:28,174 真笑和假笑而假笑 194 00:09:28,199 --> 00:09:30,136 常常会引发你对自己真实的 195 00:09:30,149 --> 00:09:33,824 笑声面部反馈之所以有效是因为大脑 196 00:09:33,836 --> 00:09:36,162 感知到某些面部肌肉比如嘴角的 197 00:09:36,187 --> 00:09:38,824 颧大肌的收缩大脑会认为 198 00:09:39,187 --> 00:09:40,750 我一定是因为某件事而 199 00:09:40,761 --> 00:09:43,761 感到开心同样地如果那块肌肉 200 00:09:43,787 --> 00:09:46,187 没有收缩你的大脑会想哦 201 00:09:46,500 --> 00:09:48,875 我一定不开心除了直接的神经 202 00:09:48,886 --> 00:09:51,812 反馈在现实世界中你还能 203 00:09:51,812 --> 00:09:55,136 获得社交反馈的额外好处微笑是 204 00:09:55,136 --> 00:09:57,636 具有感染力的所以即使你没有感到 205 00:09:57,662 --> 00:10:00,174 更快乐你周围的人也更 206 00:10:00,174 --> 00:10:03,598 可能微笑这也能改善你的心情最后 207 00:10:04,098 --> 00:10:05,549 如果你能鼓起劲来真诚地 208 00:10:05,562 --> 00:10:07,899 微笑你可能会获得更大的 209 00:10:07,912 --> 00:10:10,449 益处这也是让你在照片中 210 00:10:10,473 --> 00:10:12,924 更上镜的一个好建议虽然颧 211 00:10:12,924 --> 00:10:15,236 大肌控制嘴角可以用来制造假 212 00:10:15,236 --> 00:10:17,574 笑但眼角的肌肉眼轮匝 213 00:10:17,574 --> 00:10:19,986 肌只在你真正微笑时才 214 00:10:19,986 --> 00:10:23,074 会收缩许多人认为自己在照片 215 00:10:23,074 --> 00:10:25,562 中的笑容看起来假原因就在于 216 00:10:25,674 --> 00:10:27,973 那些笑容确实是假的他们的 217 00:10:27,986 --> 00:10:30,636 眼角没有收缩站直身体你妈妈 218 00:10:30,662 --> 00:10:32,861 又说对了别再弯腰驼背了 219 00:10:33,424 --> 00:10:35,736 如果你想变得自信果断那就 220 00:10:35,761 --> 00:10:38,086 站直身体向世界敞开你的 221 00:10:38,098 --> 00:10:41,223 胸膛你的姿势是生物反馈的 222 00:10:41,250 --> 00:10:44,449 重要来源一项德国研究让参与 223 00:10:44,449 --> 00:10:46,399 者在自信或怀疑的姿势下 224 00:10:46,424 --> 00:10:48,937 做决定当人们以自信的姿势 225 00:10:48,949 --> 00:10:52,912 站立时他们更加果断所以如果你 226 00:10:52,912 --> 00:10:55,162 想更果断就采取果断的站 227 00:10:55,162 --> 00:10:58,336 姿字面意思自信的姿态也会 228 00:10:58,336 --> 00:11:00,000 让你对自己的想法和信念 229 00:11:00,100 --> 00:11:03,461 更加自信一项西班牙研究让参与 230 00:11:03,461 --> 00:11:05,574 者在自信或怀疑的姿态下 231 00:11:05,674 --> 00:11:08,586 写下自己的优点或缺点11处 232 00:11:08,586 --> 00:11:10,437 于自信姿态的受试者更 233 00:11:10,437 --> 00:11:12,812 坚信自己所写的内容无论好坏 234 00:11:13,386 --> 00:11:15,674 对自己优点的自信让他们更加 235 00:11:15,687 --> 00:11:19,487 乐观此外自信的姿态还能增强 236 00:11:19,511 --> 00:11:22,625 他人赞美带来的效果在德克萨斯州的 237 00:11:22,649 --> 00:11:25,000 一项研究中研究人员让参与 238 00:11:25,000 --> 00:11:27,774 者处于自信或怀疑的姿态并 239 00:11:27,774 --> 00:11:31,424 告诉他们擅长考试12随后进行一项 240 00:11:31,449 --> 00:11:33,886 难度较高的测试时怀疑姿态的 241 00:11:33,899 --> 00:11:36,437 受试者更容易放弃而自信 242 00:11:36,449 --> 00:11:38,437 姿态的受试者则更加努力 243 00:11:39,011 --> 00:11:41,586 请记住他们都得到了关于自己 244 00:11:41,612 --> 00:11:44,037 考试能力的赞美但自信姿态的 245 00:11:44,049 --> 00:11:46,187 受试者将这些积极信息内化 246 00:11:46,187 --> 00:11:49,299 了自信的姿势或许不会自动让 247 00:11:49,299 --> 00:11:51,324 你更快乐但它确实能调节 248 00:11:51,336 --> 00:11:54,937 大脑对自身想法的反应因此如果 249 00:11:54,937 --> 00:11:57,437 你想变得更自信例如我一定 250 00:11:57,437 --> 00:11:59,287 能通过这次面试或我一定能 251 00:11:59,299 --> 00:12:02,000 戒烟不妨在挺起胸膛扬起下巴 252 00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:05,511 的同时积极思考同样地当有人 253 00:12:05,537 --> 00:12:07,862 赞美你时试着表现出你 254 00:12:07,961 --> 00:12:09,125 相信这些话的样子 255 00:12:10,100 --> 00:12:12,912 除了大脑自身的反应姿势还具备 256 00:12:12,937 --> 00:12:15,750 社交反馈的作用人们很容易认为 257 00:12:15,849 --> 00:12:18,511 情绪完全由自己掌控但他人会 258 00:12:18,537 --> 00:12:20,761 自然而然地察觉并回应你的姿态 259 00:12:21,336 --> 00:12:24,073 你会有意或无意地注意到 260 00:12:24,073 --> 00:12:26,886 他们的反应并受其影响自信 261 00:12:26,886 --> 00:12:28,586 的姿态会让别人对你更 262 00:12:28,586 --> 00:12:31,287 有信心所以你的大脑不仅会 263 00:12:31,287 --> 00:12:33,899 想哦我站得笔直我一定 264 00:12:33,912 --> 00:12:37,573 很自信还会想哇大家似乎 265 00:12:37,698 --> 00:12:39,586 都对我很有信心我一定 266 00:12:39,611 --> 00:12:42,850 非常自信最后除了对自信心的影响 267 00:12:42,850 --> 00:12:44,600 外站直也能增加你的 268 00:12:44,611 --> 00:12:47,836 能量生物反馈杂志上的一项 269 00:12:47,861 --> 00:12:50,662 研究表明懒散会降低你的能量 270 00:12:50,673 --> 00:12:53,736 水平13并且这对抑郁程度较高 271 00:12:53,736 --> 00:12:56,386 的人影响更大那些倾向于 272 00:12:56,412 --> 00:12:58,461 感觉不好的人在懒散时会 273 00:12:58,461 --> 00:13:01,461 感觉更糟这意味着姿势的改善 274 00:13:01,575 --> 00:13:03,836 对抑郁最严重的人影响最大 275 00:13:04,399 --> 00:13:07,312 有趣的是研究还发现跳跃能 276 00:13:07,312 --> 00:13:10,200 增加能量水平所以也许可以在没 277 00:13:10,200 --> 00:13:11,950 人的时候在走廊里跳着 278 00:13:11,950 --> 00:13:14,849 走姿势的变化会反映在神经 279 00:13:14,849 --> 00:13:17,599 激素水平的变化上哈佛大学的一 280 00:13:17,599 --> 00:13:20,825 项研究发现以开放舒展的姿势 281 00:13:20,937 --> 00:13:23,586 站立或坐着会增加睾酮并 282 00:13:23,599 --> 00:13:27,325 减少压力激素皮质醇14这些神经激素 283 00:13:27,325 --> 00:13:30,099 的变化很可能有助于上述自信姿势 284 00:13:30,099 --> 00:13:33,537 的其他效果关键信息是如果你 285 00:13:33,548 --> 00:13:37,548 感到犹豫不决请昂首挺胸站直身体挺起 286 00:13:37,548 --> 00:13:40,912 胸膛这有助于你更果断地决策 287 00:13:41,287 --> 00:13:44,236 内化积极想法并为你注入更多 288 00:13:44,250 --> 00:13:47,736 活力放松面部想象一下你额头中央 289 00:13:48,048 --> 00:13:50,750 眉毛正上方的位置那里是否感到 290 00:13:50,761 --> 00:13:54,149 紧绷你是否在担忧什么这块 291 00:13:54,162 --> 00:13:56,287 肌肉叫做皱眉肌它会使你的 292 00:13:56,298 --> 00:13:59,287 眉毛向下并聚拢导致额头出现皱纹 293 00:13:59,500 --> 00:14:02,562 换句话说它的名字来源于它让皮肤 294 00:14:02,562 --> 00:14:05,349 起皱的特性它有助于表达不快 295 00:14:05,736 --> 00:14:09,162 愤怒忧虑等负面情绪但你紧锁 296 00:14:09,162 --> 00:14:11,711 的眉头同时也是引发惊愕和不满 297 00:14:11,711 --> 00:14:14,437 的原因正如大脑在感知到微笑 298 00:14:14,450 --> 00:14:17,298 肌肉活动时会认为你很快乐一样当 299 00:14:17,312 --> 00:14:19,750 大脑察觉到皱眉肌收缩时它会 300 00:14:19,761 --> 00:14:23,211 认为你感到不安或忧虑佩戴太阳镜 301 00:14:23,787 --> 00:14:26,312 在阳光明媚的日子里我们常常会 302 00:14:26,336 --> 00:14:29,486 收缩皱眉肌同时眯起眼睛以减少 303 00:14:29,511 --> 00:14:32,912 阳光的眩光所以尽管天气可能很 304 00:14:32,912 --> 00:14:35,761 好但你正在向大脑发送信号 305 00:14:36,074 --> 00:14:39,324 表明你有点不高兴太阳镜可以减少 306 00:14:39,336 --> 00:14:41,625 眩光这样你就不必眯起眼睛 307 00:14:42,187 --> 00:14:45,187 因此它们不仅让你看起来很酷 308 00:14:45,549 --> 00:14:48,799 而且由于面部反馈它们还能帮助 309 00:14:48,799 --> 00:14:51,473 你感觉更平静在一项巧妙 310 00:14:51,473 --> 00:14:53,199 的研究中参与者的每只 311 00:14:53,211 --> 00:14:55,625 眉毛上都贴了高尔夫球座并 312 00:14:55,625 --> 00:14:57,723 被要求尝试将它们碰在一起 313 00:14:58,011 --> 00:15:00,699 这只有通过皱起眉毛才能做到当 314 00:15:00,723 --> 00:15:03,174 皱起眉毛看图片时他们感受 315 00:15:03,174 --> 00:15:05,662 到了更多的悲伤皱眉还会 316 00:15:05,662 --> 00:15:08,024 增加愤怒和厌恶的感觉并使 317 00:15:08,024 --> 00:15:10,386 人更不快乐更不随和更 318 00:15:10,386 --> 00:15:14,324 不感兴趣放松你的下巴通常在 319 00:15:14,324 --> 00:15:17,024 压力下我们会不自觉地咬紧牙关 320 00:15:17,361 --> 00:15:20,049 这会增加整体的紧张感所以 321 00:15:20,437 --> 00:15:23,211 让你的下巴放松左右摆动然后 322 00:15:23,236 --> 00:15:25,937 张大嘴巴这可能会让你打哈欠 323 00:15:26,348 --> 00:15:27,787 这也会增加你的平静感 324 00:15:28,348 --> 00:15:31,199 所以如果你的眉毛肌肉紧张你 325 00:15:31,199 --> 00:15:33,324 会感受到更多的负面情绪和 326 00:15:33,336 --> 00:15:35,886 更少的积极情绪当它们放松 327 00:15:35,886 --> 00:15:38,699 时会发生什么一些有趣的证据 328 00:15:38,799 --> 00:15:41,299 来自那些有点太多钱想要 329 00:15:41,312 --> 00:15:43,787 看起来年轻几岁的人我指的 330 00:15:43,787 --> 00:15:48,848 是肉毒杆菌肉毒杆菌是一种神经毒素通过麻痹 331 00:15:48,875 --> 00:15:52,098 某些面部肌肉来去除皱纹麻痹皱眉 332 00:15:52,111 --> 00:15:54,386 肌使得很难皱起眉头接受过 333 00:15:54,412 --> 00:15:56,412 这种治疗的人通常会感到更 334 00:15:56,412 --> 00:15:59,000 少的焦虑仅仅是因为他们无法 335 00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:01,875 做出相应的面部表情不幸的是 336 00:16:02,187 --> 00:16:03,636 他们有时也会感到更少的 337 00:16:03,649 --> 00:16:06,973 快乐因为他们不能总是完全表达兴奋 338 00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:09,424 或惊讶当你皱起眉头时 339 00:16:09,674 --> 00:16:13,024 内心很难获得平静眉头紧锁在很大 340 00:16:13,024 --> 00:16:16,062 程度上意味着感受并产生负面情绪 341 00:16:16,625 --> 00:16:19,324 当你开始感到焦虑压力或愤怒 342 00:16:19,324 --> 00:16:22,386 时留意一下你的眉头是否紧锁 343 00:16:22,961 --> 00:16:25,336 试着放松你的额头这应该 344 00:16:25,449 --> 00:16:29,449 有助于减轻这种感觉改变你的呼吸方式呼吸 345 00:16:29,461 --> 00:16:31,975 是你最重要的身体功能与所有基本 346 00:16:31,987 --> 00:16:35,336 功能如饮食性等一样它与 347 00:16:35,350 --> 00:16:38,412 边缘系统紧密相连有呼吸问题的 348 00:16:38,412 --> 00:16:40,324 人患抑郁症的风险要高 349 00:16:40,324 --> 00:16:43,574 得多改变呼吸方式是创造向上 350 00:16:43,586 --> 00:16:46,237 螺旋的强大工具因为它是改变 351 00:16:46,261 --> 00:16:49,574 情绪状态最快的方法之一深呼吸 352 00:16:50,136 --> 00:16:53,011 当你感到焦虑或不知所措时缓慢 353 00:16:53,011 --> 00:16:55,875 的呼吸可以帮助你通过鼻子缓慢 354 00:16:55,886 --> 00:16:59,037 吸气同时慢慢数到六甚至八 355 00:16:59,612 --> 00:17:02,949 在吸气达到顶峰时停顿几秒钟然后 356 00:17:02,949 --> 00:17:05,961 通过鼻子缓慢呼气保持相同的计数 357 00:17:06,537 --> 00:17:09,049 不同类型的呼吸对身体和大脑 358 00:17:09,148 --> 00:17:11,386 有不同的影响瑞典的一项 359 00:17:11,412 --> 00:17:14,537 研究表明结合不同类型的呼吸慢 360 00:17:14,537 --> 00:17:18,112 速快速和超快速可以增加乐观 361 00:17:18,112 --> 00:17:21,561 感减少抑郁焦虑和整体压力感 362 00:17:22,125 --> 00:17:25,625 19呼吸通过迷走神经传递的信号影响 363 00:17:25,625 --> 00:17:29,386 大脑迷走神经不仅向下发送信号到心脏 364 00:17:29,799 --> 00:17:32,186 如前所述还向上传递信号 365 00:17:32,186 --> 00:17:35,824 到脑干迷走神经信号在激活休息和 366 00:17:35,836 --> 00:17:39,174 放松的回路即副交感神经系统中起 367 00:17:39,174 --> 00:17:42,811 着重要作用副交感系统与交感神经系统 368 00:17:42,824 --> 00:17:45,612 相反后者控制着战斗或逃跑的 369 00:17:45,625 --> 00:17:48,636 本能慢速呼吸增加了迷走神经的 370 00:17:48,648 --> 00:17:52,261 活动并推动大脑向副交感神经活动方向 371 00:17:52,261 --> 00:17:55,561 发展因此缓慢而深沉的呼吸能 372 00:17:55,561 --> 00:17:59,449 让你平静下来相比之下快速呼吸会 373 00:17:59,449 --> 00:18:03,773 抑制副交感神经系统并激活交感神经系统当 374 00:18:03,773 --> 00:18:06,824 你感到焦虑兴奋或害怕时你 375 00:18:06,824 --> 00:18:09,523 会呼吸急促但同样正确的是 376 00:18:10,061 --> 00:18:12,487 如果你呼吸急促你更有可能 377 00:18:12,511 --> 00:18:15,162 感受到这些情绪快速呼吸会让 378 00:18:15,162 --> 00:18:18,224 你更加紧张但也更加兴奋有时 379 00:18:18,250 --> 00:18:20,773 这是一件好事也许你需要更多的 380 00:18:20,787 --> 00:18:24,061 能量去健身房或者做任何事情为了 381 00:18:24,061 --> 00:18:28,574 增加能量加快呼吸有时你觉得自己 382 00:18:28,674 --> 00:18:33,511 需要更多的能量尝试快速浅呼吸二十到三十秒 383 00:18:34,074 --> 00:18:36,500 但不要持续太久否则你可能 384 00:18:36,500 --> 00:18:37,500 会开始感到头晕 385 00:18:38,099 --> 00:18:40,099 放松你的肌肉当你感到压力 386 00:18:40,125 --> 00:18:42,412 或焦虑时你的肌肉往往会 387 00:18:42,436 --> 00:18:44,798 紧绷起来尽管你可能没有意识到这 388 00:18:44,798 --> 00:18:47,586 一点不幸的是你的大脑 389 00:18:47,612 --> 00:18:49,900 会感知到肌肉的紧张并认为 390 00:18:50,211 --> 00:18:52,386 我一定是紧张的关于肌肉的 391 00:18:52,412 --> 00:18:55,336 有趣之处在于它们不会自行收缩 392 00:18:55,912 --> 00:18:58,186 当它们紧绷时是因为大脑在 393 00:18:58,199 --> 00:19:01,974 告诉它们要紧张那么你如何帮助 394 00:19:01,987 --> 00:19:04,824 你的大脑放松呢紧握然后放松 395 00:19:05,398 --> 00:19:07,924 为了提醒你的大脑放松肌肉有时 396 00:19:07,924 --> 00:19:10,511 先紧握它们会有所帮助深吸 397 00:19:10,523 --> 00:19:13,849 一口气然后紧绷一块紧张的肌肉几秒钟 398 00:19:14,423 --> 00:19:18,136 保持几秒钟后呼气并放松最重要 399 00:19:18,136 --> 00:19:20,099 的放松肌肉是你的面部肌肉 400 00:19:20,461 --> 00:19:23,099 因为它们对情绪的影响最大但 401 00:19:23,112 --> 00:19:25,362 放松你的手臀部和腹部也 402 00:19:25,362 --> 00:19:28,787 很重要拉伸有助于放松肌肉并对 403 00:19:28,811 --> 00:19:32,825 安抚神经系统大有裨益它还能刺激内啡肽 404 00:19:32,936 --> 00:19:34,461 和内源性大麻素的分泌 405 00:19:34,798 --> 00:19:37,825 从而减轻疼痛你无需复杂的姿势 406 00:19:38,173 --> 00:19:41,325 任何拉伸动作都有效果按摩同样 407 00:19:41,325 --> 00:19:44,412 是放松肌肉的绝佳方式按摩能 408 00:19:44,412 --> 00:19:47,775 减轻疼痛缓解压力与焦虑并改善 409 00:19:47,798 --> 00:19:50,737 睡眠质量其广泛的效果很可能 410 00:19:50,750 --> 00:19:53,125 源于按摩能提升血清素和 411 00:19:53,136 --> 00:19:57,711 多巴胺水平同时降低皮质醇有时用网球 412 00:19:57,737 --> 00:19:59,886 给自己按摩也很有帮助可以 413 00:19:59,900 --> 00:20:02,298 躺在球上倚靠球体或将 414 00:20:02,298 --> 00:20:05,025 球用力在肌肉上滚动虽然这 415 00:20:05,025 --> 00:20:07,586 可能不如人工按摩效果全面但胜 416 00:20:07,586 --> 00:20:10,173 在经济快捷且依然能带来舒适 417 00:20:10,173 --> 00:20:14,261 体验现在请先坐直身体深呼吸 418 00:20:14,836 --> 00:20:18,723 让面部放松嘴角自然上扬感受生物 419 00:20:18,723 --> 00:20:19,973 反馈的神奇作用