1
00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:04,161
第一品法会因由分如是我闻一时佛在

2
00:00:04,161 --> 00:00:09,800
舍卫国祇树给孤独园与大比丘众千二百五十

3
00:00:09,800 --> 00:00:13,948
人俱尔时世尊食时著

4
00:00:13,948 --> 00:00:17,550
衣持钵入舍卫大城乞食于

5
00:00:17,550 --> 00:00:21,375
其城中次第乞已还至本

6
00:00:21,375 --> 00:00:26,074
处饭食讫收衣钵洗足已

7
00:00:26,637 --> 00:00:29,836
敷座而坐照中国人读书就是

8
00:00:29,850 --> 00:00:32,600
这样念如果照念经的方法要

9
00:00:32,612 --> 00:00:36,262
敲个木鱼嘟嘟嘟一路念下去为什么

10
00:00:36,274 --> 00:00:38,548
敲木鱼呢鱼是昼夜瞪着

11
00:00:38,548 --> 00:00:40,862
眼睛的鱼睡觉就是停在那里

12
00:00:40,875 --> 00:00:43,186
不动了休息一下就算睡觉了

13
00:00:43,750 --> 00:00:45,850
所以我们庙里敲这个木鱼是

14
00:00:45,850 --> 00:00:47,887
要我们精进修道要效法鱼的

15
00:00:47,899 --> 00:00:51,450
精神昼夜努力不停本经第一章是

16
00:00:51,462 --> 00:00:54,387
说明一切各有因缘不同佛讲

17
00:00:54,450 --> 00:00:57,700
楞严经时开头另有不同说佛

18
00:00:57,712 --> 00:00:59,899
有一天刚吃饱饭他的兄弟

19
00:00:59,911 --> 00:01:02,612
阿难在城里头出事了佛就马上

20
00:01:02,625 --> 00:01:05,287
显神通头顶放光那光可大

21
00:01:05,287 --> 00:01:07,387
了化身一出来传一个咒子

22
00:01:07,650 --> 00:01:10,162
叫文殊菩萨赶快把阿难救回来

23
00:01:10,724 --> 00:01:13,512
经典的开始虽都不同但是只有

24
00:01:13,575 --> 00:01:17,512
金刚经特别没有什么头顶放光眉毛放光

25
00:01:17,736 --> 00:01:21,611
胸口卍字放光等等金刚经只是从吃饭

26
00:01:21,625 --> 00:01:24,599
开始吃饭可不是一件容易的事在

27
00:01:24,611 --> 00:01:26,974
北京白云观有副名对从明朝

28
00:01:26,986 --> 00:01:29,500
开始的一副对子世间莫若修行

29
00:01:29,500 --> 00:01:32,950
好天下无如吃饭难在我们平常

30
00:01:32,950 --> 00:01:35,400
的观念里总认为佛走起

31
00:01:35,400 --> 00:01:37,775
路来一定是离地三寸脚

32
00:01:37,775 --> 00:01:40,686
踩莲花腾空而去这本经

33
00:01:40,700 --> 00:01:43,037
记载的佛却同我们一样照样

34
00:01:43,049 --> 00:01:46,125
要吃饭照样要化缘照样光着

35
00:01:46,125 --> 00:01:48,412
脚走路脚底心照样踩到

36
00:01:48,424 --> 00:01:51,611
泥巴所以回来还是一样要洗脚

37
00:01:51,861 --> 00:01:54,500
还是要吃饭还是要打坐就是

38
00:01:54,512 --> 00:01:57,650
那么平常平常就是道最平凡的

39
00:01:57,650 --> 00:02:00,224
时候是最高的真正的真理是

40
00:02:00,224 --> 00:02:02,924
在最平凡之间真正仙佛的境界

41
00:02:03,099 --> 00:02:05,686
是在最平常的事物上所以

42
00:02:05,787 --> 00:02:09,562
真正的人道完成也就是出世圣人之

43
00:02:09,562 --> 00:02:13,098
道的完成希望青年同学千万记住

44
00:02:13,150 --> 00:02:16,086
金刚经开头佛的这个榜样这个精神

45
00:02:16,650 --> 00:02:20,611
佛这样说如是我闻一时佛在舍卫国

46
00:02:21,187 --> 00:02:24,812
祇树给孤独园每一本佛经开头都是四个

47
00:02:24,812 --> 00:02:28,961
字如是我闻涅槃经上说佛在涅槃

48
00:02:28,961 --> 00:02:31,574
的时候阿难问他你要走

49
00:02:31,574 --> 00:02:34,025
了将来我要记录你的言语

50
00:02:34,312 --> 00:02:36,412
别人怎会相信呢还以为我

51
00:02:36,412 --> 00:02:39,137
是假造的佛就告诉阿难在

52
00:02:39,150 --> 00:02:41,550
一本经开始时加上如是二字

53
00:02:41,986 --> 00:02:43,912
我闻的我是指阿难自己

54
00:02:44,486 --> 00:02:47,662
如是我闻就是我听到佛这样说阿难

55
00:02:47,662 --> 00:02:50,211
的头脑像录音机一样佛所讲

56
00:02:50,211 --> 00:02:53,662
的东西他一字不漏记得为表示负责

57
00:02:54,162 --> 00:02:56,086
他特别说明是我闻是当时

58
00:02:56,098 --> 00:02:58,824
听到佛说的如是两个字是

59
00:02:58,836 --> 00:03:01,762
古文照我们中国文字的写法应该

60
00:03:01,762 --> 00:03:04,187
是我闻如是佛经翻成中文

61
00:03:04,361 --> 00:03:06,637
产生了另外一种文学用倒装的

62
00:03:06,650 --> 00:03:10,098
文法如是我闻成为中国佛教文学的一种

63
00:03:10,111 --> 00:03:13,750
体裁优美而有文艺气息鸠摩罗什译

64
00:03:13,750 --> 00:03:17,486
经加上如是我闻味道就不同了如果

65
00:03:17,512 --> 00:03:20,236
照旧式的讲经方法如是我闻这

66
00:03:20,236 --> 00:03:23,125
四个字又可以讲上两个月怎么样

67
00:03:23,137 --> 00:03:25,973
叫做如如者如如不动

68
00:03:25,973 --> 00:03:28,512
之如也然后怎么样叫如如不动

69
00:03:29,062 --> 00:03:30,650
如如不动者佛法之境界

70
00:03:30,662 --> 00:03:33,324
也这么讲起来就没完没了现在我们

71
00:03:33,336 --> 00:03:35,875
就不讲得离题太远了那个时候

72
00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:38,400
一时这两个字倒是一个大问题

73
00:03:38,723 --> 00:03:42,175
没有一本佛经记载时间年龄佛经都是

74
00:03:42,187 --> 00:03:44,925
一时这两个字拿白话文来解释

75
00:03:45,250 --> 00:03:47,598
一时就是那个时候那个时候就

76
00:03:47,598 --> 00:03:50,086
是那个时候那个时候也就是这个时候

77
00:03:50,375 --> 00:03:53,187
所以这个一时很妙我们研究印度

78
00:03:53,187 --> 00:03:55,486
的文化及历史知道印度人不

79
00:03:55,486 --> 00:03:58,750
太注重时间所以印度人没有历史观念

80
00:03:59,324 --> 00:04:02,598
十七世纪以后靠着英国以及东西方一批

81
00:04:02,611 --> 00:04:05,400
学者的整理才有了印度史不

82
00:04:05,400 --> 00:04:07,836
像中国的历史是从古老开始

83
00:04:07,861 --> 00:04:11,400
五千年一直下来的所以有些人要

84
00:04:11,400 --> 00:04:13,723
学梵文来研究佛学那就是

85
00:04:13,736 --> 00:04:16,362
一个非常滑稽的事尤其是现在的

86
00:04:16,375 --> 00:04:19,687
梵文是十七世纪以后的梵文唐宋

87
00:04:19,699 --> 00:04:22,050
以前的梵文连一本原经都

88
00:04:22,062 --> 00:04:24,574
找不到了而且唐宋以后

89
00:04:24,574 --> 00:04:27,237
的梵文有南印北印东

90
00:04:27,237 --> 00:04:30,562
印西印中印五方梵文各自

91
00:04:30,562 --> 00:04:33,050
不同我们当时翻译过来的梵文也有

92
00:04:33,050 --> 00:04:36,312
不同咒语的发音也有不同这些旧

93
00:04:36,312 --> 00:04:38,411
的梵文现在影子都找不到

94
00:04:38,411 --> 00:04:41,812
了所以说一般研究梵文的佛学家

95
00:04:41,987 --> 00:04:44,762
用十七世纪以后欧洲人整理出来的

96
00:04:44,774 --> 00:04:47,425
梵文追究少数留下来南传佛教的

97
00:04:47,437 --> 00:04:50,336
本子想探讨整个的佛法拿孟子

98
00:04:50,362 --> 00:04:53,711
一句话来说缘木而求鱼当然

99
00:04:54,062 --> 00:04:56,350
这个事情我也很少提到严格地

100
00:04:56,362 --> 00:04:59,574
来说真正的佛法全部都在中国

101
00:04:59,625 --> 00:05:03,699
大藏经里这一两百年来西方人似乎有意

102
00:05:03,711 --> 00:05:06,437
否定东方的佛学日本人也跟着乱

103
00:05:06,437 --> 00:05:09,199
叫所以说花很大的精神

104
00:05:09,199 --> 00:05:12,649
学梵文为了研究佛学真是浪费光阴

105
00:05:12,925 --> 00:05:15,862
又误人子弟你慢慢三大阿僧祇劫去

106
00:05:15,862 --> 00:05:19,324
找吧当然梵文也是一种文字语言

107
00:05:19,574 --> 00:05:22,699
可以去学但是它同真正佛法

108
00:05:22,800 --> 00:05:26,237
是毫不相干的再说印度人除了没有

109
00:05:26,250 --> 00:05:29,086
时间观念而没有历史外数字观念也

110
00:05:29,100 --> 00:05:32,786
非常差所以佛经上这里八万四千那里

111
00:05:32,812 --> 00:05:35,725
八万四千等于杭州人说木老老

112
00:05:35,937 --> 00:05:38,112
多得不可数的意思印度人

113
00:05:38,112 --> 00:05:40,911
说多得很就是八万四千一时

114
00:05:40,925 --> 00:05:43,550
意思非常好真正悟了道就

115
00:05:43,562 --> 00:05:47,550
没有时间观念金刚经告诉我们过去心不可

116
00:05:47,550 --> 00:05:50,250
得现在心不可得未来心不可

117
00:05:50,250 --> 00:05:53,512
得时间是相对的真正的时间

118
00:05:53,737 --> 00:05:56,786
万年一念一念万年没有古今

119
00:05:57,112 --> 00:05:59,925
没有去来等于一首古诗风月

120
00:05:59,949 --> 00:06:04,350
无古今情怀自浅深月亮太阳风

121
00:06:04,699 --> 00:06:08,161
山河它们永远如此古人看到的那个

122
00:06:08,161 --> 00:06:11,000
天那个云也就是我们现在看到的

123
00:06:11,012 --> 00:06:14,100
这个天和云是一样的世界未来人

124
00:06:14,100 --> 00:06:17,149
看到的也是风月虽是一样但是

125
00:06:17,161 --> 00:06:19,937
情怀有浅深有些人看到风景很

126
00:06:19,937 --> 00:06:22,574
高兴痛苦人看到一样的风景却

127
00:06:22,586 --> 00:06:24,524
悲哀得要想死都是个人自己

128
00:06:24,550 --> 00:06:25,312
唯心所造

129
00:06:26,100 --> 00:06:28,524
在科学上的了解时间是相对

130
00:06:28,524 --> 00:06:31,062
的在佛法上时间是唯心的

131
00:06:31,286 --> 00:06:34,737
不是绝对的痛苦的时候虽一分一秒

132
00:06:34,836 --> 00:06:37,223
却有一万年那么长幸福快乐的

133
00:06:37,223 --> 00:06:40,723
时候一万年一百年也不过一刹那就过去了

134
00:06:41,300 --> 00:06:44,961
因此佛法已经点题了一时就是无

135
00:06:44,961 --> 00:06:48,711
古今也无未来舍卫国的讲堂一时

136
00:06:48,711 --> 00:06:53,199
佛在舍卫国祇树给孤独园佛由三十二岁

137
00:06:53,225 --> 00:06:57,175
开始说法直到八十一岁在四十九年之间他

138
00:06:57,175 --> 00:07:00,911
的教化工作大部分都在舍卫国舍卫国

139
00:07:00,937 --> 00:07:04,262
在中印度经济文化发达财富很多

140
00:07:04,824 --> 00:07:07,862
舍卫国的国王就是楞严经上那

141
00:07:07,862 --> 00:07:10,125
位波斯匿王也是佛的弟子

142
00:07:10,687 --> 00:07:13,536
那里有位长者年高有道德是

143
00:07:13,536 --> 00:07:15,899
舍卫国一个大财主名叫给孤独

144
00:07:15,911 --> 00:07:19,411
长者有一天他到波斯匿城去给儿子

145
00:07:19,423 --> 00:07:22,012
相亲遇到了佛对佛产生了

146
00:07:22,024 --> 00:07:25,149
信仰他请求佛到波斯匿城去说法

147
00:07:25,399 --> 00:07:28,100
而且要给佛盖一个讲堂佛

148
00:07:28,100 --> 00:07:30,861
说有因缘你盖好讲堂我

149
00:07:30,861 --> 00:07:33,673
就来他回到波斯匿城找了一个

150
00:07:33,699 --> 00:07:36,312
最好的场地但是却属于祇陀太子

151
00:07:36,324 --> 00:07:39,973
所有太子提出来一个条件如果长者

152
00:07:40,086 --> 00:07:42,223
能把黄金打成的叶子一片

153
00:07:42,223 --> 00:07:44,062
片铺满八十顷的地就把

154
00:07:44,074 --> 00:07:46,274
这地卖给他给孤独长者爱

155
00:07:46,274 --> 00:07:49,149
布施孤苦伶仃的人找他他一概

156
00:07:49,162 --> 00:07:52,250
都帮忙专门做好事所以叫做给

157
00:07:52,262 --> 00:07:54,662
孤独他真的把金叶子一片片

158
00:07:54,687 --> 00:07:56,625
铺那八十顷地铺了一半的

159
00:07:56,625 --> 00:07:59,949
时候有人报告了太子太子问他

160
00:08:00,048 --> 00:08:03,875
为什么这样做长者说那真是佛

161
00:08:03,875 --> 00:08:07,537
啊是真的圣人太子说我

162
00:08:07,537 --> 00:08:09,324
相信你的话你不要铺了

163
00:08:09,673 --> 00:08:12,336
我们两个人共同建造吧所以这个

164
00:08:12,348 --> 00:08:15,500
讲堂就是祇树祇陀太子给孤独

165
00:08:15,512 --> 00:08:18,037
长者两人合力所盖称为祇树

166
00:08:18,062 --> 00:08:21,637
给孤独园楞严经也是在这个地方讲的

167
00:08:22,012 --> 00:08:24,412
这个园林是佛的大讲堂经常在

168
00:08:24,412 --> 00:08:27,762
这里说法千二百五十人与大比丘众

169
00:08:28,324 --> 00:08:31,723
千二百五十人俱每一本佛经都提到

170
00:08:31,750 --> 00:08:34,211
这两句话不论佛在哪里说法

171
00:08:34,461 --> 00:08:37,074
都是与大比丘众千二百五十人俱

172
00:08:37,636 --> 00:08:40,662
佛说法的时候难道都是出家和尚

173
00:08:40,674 --> 00:08:43,611
听吗它这里只讲和尚没有

174
00:08:43,625 --> 00:08:47,662
讲居士多少男人多少女人多少有些

175
00:08:47,674 --> 00:08:50,674
佛经记载佛说法的时候天龙八部亿万

176
00:08:50,949 --> 00:08:54,711
不可知不可数不可说那就很多

177
00:08:54,711 --> 00:08:57,162
了那就是木老老普通

178
00:08:57,162 --> 00:09:01,125
说法都是千二百五十人这一千二百五十个佛弟子

179
00:09:01,312 --> 00:09:03,437
叫做常随众佛走到哪里

180
00:09:03,461 --> 00:09:05,574
跟到哪里拿我们现在的名词

181
00:09:05,586 --> 00:09:08,537
来说这是基本的学生基本的队伍

182
00:09:08,761 --> 00:09:12,711
都是出家人为什么只提千二百五十人佛

183
00:09:12,711 --> 00:09:15,261
出来传法以后第一批招收的学生

184
00:09:15,511 --> 00:09:17,336
拿我们现在的话讲最难

185
00:09:17,348 --> 00:09:19,912
降伏的学生就是这一千二百五十人

186
00:09:20,461 --> 00:09:22,836
其中的舍利子在佛没有出来说法

187
00:09:22,848 --> 00:09:25,424
之前他已经是大老师了跟

188
00:09:25,424 --> 00:09:28,274
他的有一百个学生还有三迦叶

189
00:09:28,287 --> 00:09:31,899
兄弟不是拈花微笑那个迦叶其中两人

190
00:09:31,924 --> 00:09:34,149
各有二百五十个学生另一位有

191
00:09:34,149 --> 00:09:37,399
五百个合起来一千个学生他们都是影响

192
00:09:37,424 --> 00:09:40,723
当时社会宗教的大学者另外有

193
00:09:40,723 --> 00:09:42,074
神通的目连尊者也在

194
00:09:42,074 --> 00:09:44,723
那里年龄也比佛大几岁也

195
00:09:44,723 --> 00:09:48,062
在传教他也有一百个基本徒弟还有

196
00:09:48,062 --> 00:09:51,424
耶舍长者子朋党五十个所以佛有

197
00:09:51,437 --> 00:09:53,736
这六个徒弟皈依了以后他们带领

198
00:09:53,761 --> 00:09:56,787
出家修道的学生一起皈依佛才变成

199
00:09:56,787 --> 00:09:59,500
了一千二百五十个常随众就是经常跟着

200
00:09:59,511 --> 00:10:02,861
佛的每次说法他们都是听众不过

201
00:10:02,886 --> 00:10:05,723
千万记住啊其中有些人年龄都

202
00:10:05,723 --> 00:10:08,574
比佛大几十岁佛是三十一二岁就

203
00:10:08,574 --> 00:10:11,699
开始说法舍利子年纪较佛大二三十岁

204
00:10:11,961 --> 00:10:14,299
目连也比佛大所谓比丘

205
00:10:14,299 --> 00:10:16,473
是出家人翻译成中文的意思

206
00:10:16,486 --> 00:10:19,324
就是乞士乞士是一个好听的

207
00:10:19,336 --> 00:10:22,211
名词意思是讨饭的讨什么饭

208
00:10:22,211 --> 00:10:24,461
呢不是讨一口饭吃的饭

209
00:10:24,848 --> 00:10:27,348
是讨一个永远不生不灭的精神食粮

210
00:10:27,899 --> 00:10:30,750
所以上乞法于佛下乞食

211
00:10:30,750 --> 00:10:34,924
于一切众生称为成佛比丘比丘的道理

212
00:10:35,136 --> 00:10:38,011
也含有破除一切烦恼了一切生死

213
00:10:38,437 --> 00:10:40,461
而能有所成就能证果的

214
00:10:40,461 --> 00:10:44,612
意思世间与大千世界尔时世尊食

215
00:10:44,612 --> 00:10:47,875
时著衣持钵入舍卫大城

216
00:10:47,886 --> 00:10:52,586
乞食尔时这个时候世尊是佛的

217
00:10:52,612 --> 00:10:55,274
另外一个代号佛经里所称世尊

218
00:10:55,449 --> 00:10:57,174
是指世界上最值得尊敬的

219
00:10:57,174 --> 00:11:00,149
人不过我们要注意所谓这个世界

220
00:11:00,312 --> 00:11:02,850
不是只讲这个人世间佛学里所谓

221
00:11:02,862 --> 00:11:05,412
世间有三世间与四世间两种

222
00:11:05,412 --> 00:11:09,274
概念所谓三世间是器世间国土

223
00:11:09,287 --> 00:11:13,799
世间有情世间器世间就是国土世界

224
00:11:14,011 --> 00:11:16,500
用现在的观念就是物质世界

225
00:11:16,761 --> 00:11:19,649
是这个地球上有人类生物存在

226
00:11:19,649 --> 00:11:22,636
的世界国土世间就是地球上

227
00:11:22,662 --> 00:11:26,537
各个分别的国土中国美国欧洲等

228
00:11:26,850 --> 00:11:28,662
是这个世间观念里的一个范围

229
00:11:29,237 --> 00:11:32,949
有情世间有情就是一切众生有生命有

230
00:11:32,949 --> 00:11:35,636
灵知性的存在这是一个世间的观念

231
00:11:35,886 --> 00:11:38,412
等于我们现在讲社会人类等观念

232
00:11:38,437 --> 00:11:42,000
差不多所谓四世间除了前三种之外

233
00:11:42,225 --> 00:11:45,424
另外第四种就是圣贤世间也就是得道

234
00:11:45,424 --> 00:11:47,524
的圣贤所成就的另外一个范围

235
00:11:48,100 --> 00:11:51,886
拿佛教来讲阿弥陀佛西方极乐世界就是

236
00:11:51,899 --> 00:11:55,636
有道之士所居住的圣贤世界其他宗教

237
00:11:55,662 --> 00:11:58,086
所讲的天堂是另外一种圣贤

238
00:11:58,312 --> 00:12:01,000
善人所居住的世间佛学里有

239
00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:04,336
净土有秽土我们这个娑婆世界算秽土

240
00:12:04,711 --> 00:12:08,737
阿弥陀佛西方极乐世界是净土所谓土有

241
00:12:08,737 --> 00:12:12,299
两种观念一种是常寂光土这个土已经

242
00:12:12,299 --> 00:12:15,737
不是土地不是物质而是说在那个

243
00:12:15,750 --> 00:12:18,899
境界里永远都是快乐的清净的

244
00:12:19,125 --> 00:12:21,761
寂灭的另外一种观念是指

245
00:12:21,875 --> 00:12:25,187
我们这个世间是凡圣同居土圣人

246
00:12:25,199 --> 00:12:27,862
与凡夫共同居住的地方这个世界

247
00:12:27,886 --> 00:12:30,562
也可以说同时包括了四世间与

248
00:12:30,574 --> 00:12:33,549
各个国土的观念所以说佛经里

249
00:12:33,574 --> 00:12:35,449
所称的世界是包括我们这个

250
00:12:35,449 --> 00:12:38,112
世界以及超过这个地球范围所有世间

251
00:12:38,112 --> 00:12:41,375
的世界另外一个观念是说释迦牟尼

252
00:12:41,375 --> 00:12:44,549
佛是我们这个三千大千世界的佛为了

253
00:12:44,562 --> 00:12:46,674
我们初学同学的研究我们再说明

254
00:12:46,687 --> 00:12:49,612
一下三千大千世界在佛学上的概念

255
00:12:50,100 --> 00:12:51,700
在我小的时候有一位

256
00:12:51,725 --> 00:12:54,575
老前辈就问我你晓不晓得

257
00:12:54,687 --> 00:12:56,173
世界上有一个吹大牛讲

258
00:12:56,173 --> 00:12:58,187
大话的人是谁我说不

259
00:12:58,187 --> 00:13:02,474
知道他说是释迦牟尼佛他所

260
00:13:02,474 --> 00:13:07,086
说三千大千世界这个数字无量无边谁能够把

261
00:13:07,086 --> 00:13:09,236
它对立破得了那真是摸不

262
00:13:09,236 --> 00:13:12,924
到边大极了当时年轻听了也是

263
00:13:12,948 --> 00:13:15,261
笑笑而已但是时代到了现在

264
00:13:15,573 --> 00:13:17,799
更加证明佛的说法真实他的

265
00:13:17,812 --> 00:13:21,024
神通智慧更是了不起他对于世界

266
00:13:21,024 --> 00:13:24,600
的看法认为一个太阳系统是一个世界

267
00:13:24,912 --> 00:13:27,399
这个是普通观念的世界一个太阳

268
00:13:27,636 --> 00:13:30,812
一个月亮带领了九大行星中间有一个

269
00:13:30,825 --> 00:13:34,274
地球就是一个太阳系过去物理学天文学

270
00:13:34,274 --> 00:13:37,711
称太阳为恒星现在有人反对不一定

271
00:13:37,725 --> 00:13:39,899
叫它恒星这个是科学上没有

272
00:13:39,912 --> 00:13:42,798
定论的在这一个太阳系中地球

273
00:13:42,812 --> 00:13:44,961
是面积很小的与其他行星

274
00:13:44,961 --> 00:13:47,350
的寿命来比较也是很短的

275
00:13:47,912 --> 00:13:50,298
可是在我们看来已经是不得了啦

276
00:13:50,861 --> 00:13:54,349
这算是一个世界佛说这个地球上

277
00:13:54,349 --> 00:13:57,048
的人以六十岁或者以一百岁为

278
00:13:57,062 --> 00:13:59,736
一寿命这个世界上的人认为

279
00:13:59,761 --> 00:14:02,673
一昼夜很了不起而在月球上是

280
00:14:02,687 --> 00:14:05,875
半个月白天半个月黑夜现在人到了

281
00:14:05,886 --> 00:14:08,673
太空发现果然与佛两千多年前说

282
00:14:08,673 --> 00:14:11,399
的一样佛告诉弟子们说这个

283
00:14:11,412 --> 00:14:13,974
虚空中像这样的太阳系统带领

284
00:14:13,986 --> 00:14:16,511
很多星球构成的世界是无量数

285
00:14:16,736 --> 00:14:19,399
不可知如恒河沙一样多也像

286
00:14:19,423 --> 00:14:21,287
中国的大黄河里头的沙子一样的

287
00:14:21,287 --> 00:14:24,261
多数不清的一千个太阳系统这样

288
00:14:24,261 --> 00:14:28,298
的世界叫做一个小千世界一千个小千世界叫做

289
00:14:28,312 --> 00:14:31,500
一个中千世界再把一千个中千世界加起来

290
00:14:31,700 --> 00:14:34,474
叫做一个大千世界他说这个虚空中

291
00:14:34,662 --> 00:14:39,787
有三千个大千世界实际上不止三千大千世界而是不可知

292
00:14:40,048 --> 00:14:43,386
不可数不可量那样多这个说法

293
00:14:43,486 --> 00:14:46,000
以前是没有人相信的吃饭穿

294
00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:47,937
衣佛的戒律规定弟子们喝

295
00:14:47,937 --> 00:14:49,787
一杯水必须先用一块布

296
00:14:49,787 --> 00:14:52,325
滤了以后才可以喝为什么呢

297
00:14:52,886 --> 00:14:56,298
佛观一钵水八万四千虫佛

298
00:14:56,298 --> 00:14:58,586
的眼睛看这一碗水有

299
00:14:58,598 --> 00:15:01,761
八万四千个生命几千年前他这样说

300
00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:04,486
也没有人相信觉得他很琐碎

301
00:15:04,787 --> 00:15:07,799
现在科学进步了都相信了还有

302
00:15:07,799 --> 00:15:10,011
佛的戒律规定弟子们每餐

303
00:15:10,024 --> 00:15:13,324
饭后都要刷牙没有牙刷用杨柳

304
00:15:13,324 --> 00:15:16,848
枝所以观世音菩萨净瓶里泡

305
00:15:16,848 --> 00:15:19,361
的有杨柳枝大概一方面洒水用

306
00:15:19,636 --> 00:15:22,687
一方面刷牙用把杨柳枝剪下

307
00:15:22,899 --> 00:15:25,211
放在水里泡然后拿石头

308
00:15:25,336 --> 00:15:26,687
把根根这一节一敲就

309
00:15:26,687 --> 00:15:29,812
散开了用来刷牙齿这些生活的

310
00:15:29,824 --> 00:15:32,611
规律都属于佛戒律的范围礼仪

311
00:15:32,636 --> 00:15:35,174
都是非常严格的拿现在的观念

312
00:15:35,187 --> 00:15:38,324
来讲各种的卫生常识他早就有

313
00:15:38,324 --> 00:15:41,662
了佛经上所说一个成佛得

314
00:15:41,662 --> 00:15:43,598
大成就的人在一个佛国里

315
00:15:43,625 --> 00:15:46,586
教化众生是师道的第一位所以称为

316
00:15:46,611 --> 00:15:50,836
世尊尔时世尊食时吃饭时候到了这个

317
00:15:50,848 --> 00:15:53,636
吃饭的事我们须要说明一下佛

318
00:15:53,636 --> 00:15:56,449
的戒律是日中一食每天中午

319
00:15:56,473 --> 00:15:58,912
吃一餐普通佛学把我们人类

320
00:15:58,924 --> 00:16:01,899
吃饭叫做段食分段的在吃饭

321
00:16:02,236 --> 00:16:04,924
一天吃三餐叫做段食也叫做

322
00:16:04,949 --> 00:16:07,674
抟食印度人吃饭用手抓

323
00:16:07,986 --> 00:16:11,312
中国人用筷子外国人用叉子反正都是

324
00:16:11,324 --> 00:16:14,461
用手所以也叫做抟食早晨

325
00:16:14,486 --> 00:16:17,187
是天人吃饭的时间中午人道吃饭

326
00:16:17,537 --> 00:16:20,236
晚上鬼道吃饭佛采用的制度

327
00:16:20,461 --> 00:16:23,386
以人道为中心日中一食后世

328
00:16:23,399 --> 00:16:25,699
弟子们过了中午一点钟就不吃饭

329
00:16:25,699 --> 00:16:28,261
了这个是佛的制度关于这个

330
00:16:28,287 --> 00:16:31,125
吃饭的问题世界上各个地区不同

331
00:16:31,336 --> 00:16:35,223
习惯不同有的民族注重早餐有些注重

332
00:16:35,236 --> 00:16:38,836
午餐或注重晚餐每个人不同叫做段

333
00:16:38,836 --> 00:16:42,412
食除了吃饭外还有思食是

334
00:16:42,412 --> 00:16:44,836
指精神食粮当一个人苦闷到

335
00:16:44,848 --> 00:16:47,912
极点灰心到极点时如没有精神

336
00:16:47,924 --> 00:16:50,598
食粮也会死掉另外还有触

337
00:16:50,598 --> 00:16:53,649
食触食就是感受譬如我们

338
00:16:53,649 --> 00:16:55,736
在一个房间里衣服穿得不对

339
00:16:56,011 --> 00:16:57,986
闷得非常难过或者被埋在

340
00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:00,287
土里感觉气不通了就是

341
00:17:00,287 --> 00:17:02,299
感觉没有气可吃了更有

342
00:17:02,299 --> 00:17:05,186
识食阿赖耶识的功能支持生命的

343
00:17:05,199 --> 00:17:08,974
不死所以段食触食思

344
00:17:08,974 --> 00:17:11,612
食识食也可说都是人

345
00:17:11,612 --> 00:17:14,061
的食粮现在本经所讲吃饭

346
00:17:14,061 --> 00:17:16,699
的时候是佛自己所规定的

347
00:17:16,724 --> 00:17:19,586
日中一餐佛虽然是太子出家

348
00:17:19,811 --> 00:17:22,824
但是他以身作则吃饭时间到了著

349
00:17:22,824 --> 00:17:25,136
衣穿好他的法衣就是那

350
00:17:25,136 --> 00:17:27,636
件袈裟其实佛的衣服就是

351
00:17:27,648 --> 00:17:29,936
那一件袈裟我们现在出家人所穿

352
00:17:29,936 --> 00:17:32,436
的这个衣服是明朝老百姓的便服

353
00:17:32,787 --> 00:17:34,773
所不同的是出家人的颜色

354
00:17:34,799 --> 00:17:38,224
朴素而已分别身分就在头发出家

355
00:17:38,224 --> 00:17:41,061
人是光头在家人有头发衣服

356
00:17:41,074 --> 00:17:43,761
都是一样的佛的衣服是一件

357
00:17:43,773 --> 00:17:46,612
袈裟又称福田衣袈裟的横

358
00:17:46,612 --> 00:17:49,674
条直条依照受戒的情形都

359
00:17:49,674 --> 00:17:52,412
有规定条纹像一块田一样是

360
00:17:52,412 --> 00:17:55,037
为众生培福的标记所以叫做福田

361
00:17:55,037 --> 00:17:57,799
衣由本文可以看到平常佛也

362
00:17:57,799 --> 00:18:00,412
穿便衣尤其印度人天热的

363
00:18:00,412 --> 00:18:04,099
时候膀子统统露出来我们读礼记

364
00:18:04,349 --> 00:18:07,011
也可以看到仲尼闲居这一句话仲尼

365
00:18:07,037 --> 00:18:09,299
就是孔子孔子平常不讲学的

366
00:18:09,299 --> 00:18:12,612
时候闲居的情形礼记中有描述

367
00:18:13,186 --> 00:18:15,574
我们现在看到释迦牟尼佛的闲居是

368
00:18:15,586 --> 00:18:17,674
比较自由一点可是到了吃饭的

369
00:18:17,686 --> 00:18:20,287
时候著衣仍要穿好他的

370
00:18:20,299 --> 00:18:23,625
袈裟持钵拿着饭碗这个钵

371
00:18:23,648 --> 00:18:25,336
传到中国来有瓦钵也有

372
00:18:25,349 --> 00:18:27,237
铜钵反正是一个吃饭用的

373
00:18:27,237 --> 00:18:30,074
器具不过是汤啊饭啊放在

374
00:18:30,074 --> 00:18:33,461
一起的一个钵现在看来两千多年前

375
00:18:33,737 --> 00:18:36,237
佛已经发明了自助餐的方式每人

376
00:18:36,250 --> 00:18:38,648
端着自己的钵吃自助餐衣服

377
00:18:38,648 --> 00:18:40,949
穿好了端了吃饭的钵入

378
00:18:40,949 --> 00:18:45,412
舍卫大城到这个首都乞食讨饭土

379
00:18:45,412 --> 00:18:48,487
话叫做化缘佛的戒律规定佛

380
00:18:48,487 --> 00:18:50,862
弟子们不但不做饭连种田也是

381
00:18:50,875 --> 00:18:53,561
犯戒的一锄头下去泥土里不

382
00:18:53,561 --> 00:18:57,136
晓得死多少生命所以不准种田夏天

383
00:18:57,162 --> 00:18:59,875
则结夏弟子们集中在一起修行

384
00:19:00,112 --> 00:19:04,000
打坐不准出来因为印度是热带夏天

385
00:19:04,011 --> 00:19:06,586
虫蚁特别多随便走路踩死

386
00:19:06,586 --> 00:19:09,362
了很多生命故不准许在夏天

387
00:19:09,386 --> 00:19:11,362
以前先把粮食集中好了备用

388
00:19:11,761 --> 00:19:14,886
到秋凉以后才开始化缘这是当时

389
00:19:14,886 --> 00:19:18,136
的制度时代不同慢慢就有所改变

390
00:19:18,136 --> 00:19:20,224
了乞士生活威仪

391
00:19:21,099 --> 00:19:24,037
化缘规定弟子们不要起分别心

392
00:19:24,250 --> 00:19:27,025
穷人富人一样挨次去化不可以

393
00:19:27,048 --> 00:19:30,561
专向穷人化缘或专向富人化譬如

394
00:19:30,586 --> 00:19:32,900
迦叶尊者是印度的首富出身

395
00:19:33,237 --> 00:19:35,487
但是他特别同情下层的贫苦社会

396
00:19:35,799 --> 00:19:38,148
所以他都到贫民区去化缘同时

397
00:19:38,174 --> 00:19:40,086
收些弟子也都是穷苦的人

398
00:19:40,636 --> 00:19:43,162
另外一个弟子须菩提尊者则相反

399
00:19:43,511 --> 00:19:46,074
喜欢到富贵人家乞食化缘佛曾

400
00:19:46,074 --> 00:19:47,936
把他们两人叫来说你们

401
00:19:47,936 --> 00:19:50,511
这个心不平不管有钱没钱有

402
00:19:50,511 --> 00:19:53,211
地位没地位化缘的时候平等而

403
00:19:53,211 --> 00:19:55,912
去此心无分别而且人家给

404
00:19:55,912 --> 00:19:58,237
你多少就是多少这一家不够

405
00:19:58,474 --> 00:20:01,537
再走一家我们现在看到出家人

406
00:20:01,561 --> 00:20:03,136
站在门口拿个引磬叮

407
00:20:03,136 --> 00:20:05,875
叮那个就是释迦牟尼佛留下来

408
00:20:05,875 --> 00:20:09,011
的风范说到乞食的制度泰国

409
00:20:09,037 --> 00:20:11,849
还保存着泰国信佛教的家庭

410
00:20:12,011 --> 00:20:14,586
中午饭做好了出家人没有来化缘

411
00:20:14,599 --> 00:20:17,136
以前锅盖也不敢开出家人来

412
00:20:17,136 --> 00:20:20,148
了锅盖赶快打开用勺子在饭

413
00:20:20,148 --> 00:20:21,950
锅中心挖起装上一碗

414
00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:23,237
再把很好的菜给他

415
00:20:23,250 --> 00:20:25,900
装满化缘的走了自己才

416
00:20:25,900 --> 00:20:29,211
吃饭这是佛教所遗留的制度入

417
00:20:29,211 --> 00:20:33,461
舍卫大城乞食于其城中次第乞

418
00:20:33,461 --> 00:20:37,798
已还至本处饭食讫收

419
00:20:37,798 --> 00:20:41,261
衣钵洗足已敷座而坐

420
00:20:41,825 --> 00:20:43,848
这一段是讲化缘吃午饭的

421
00:20:43,848 --> 00:20:47,287
事我们研究佛经会发现所谓夜里

422
00:20:47,287 --> 00:20:50,011
到白天昼夜二六时中佛都在

423
00:20:50,011 --> 00:20:51,973
禅定中在如来大定中

424
00:20:52,298 --> 00:20:54,423
只有中午吃了饭才打坐休息

425
00:20:54,436 --> 00:20:58,650
一下大概从下午一两点到五六点钟说法等到天

426
00:20:58,662 --> 00:21:01,048
快要黑了大家闭起眼睛又

427
00:21:01,048 --> 00:21:03,886
入定去了在舍卫国首都的大城

428
00:21:04,173 --> 00:21:07,075
他挨门挨户的化缘化好了以后

429
00:21:07,275 --> 00:21:09,200
还至本处没有说在路上

430
00:21:09,223 --> 00:21:10,775
就吃起来了不像我们买

431
00:21:10,775 --> 00:21:12,436
一根香蕉一边走就咬了

432
00:21:12,436 --> 00:21:15,011
一口很没有威仪的佛把饭碗

433
00:21:15,037 --> 00:21:17,112
端回自己的讲堂还至本

434
00:21:17,112 --> 00:21:19,875
处在规定的地方吃饭饭食讫

435
00:21:20,275 --> 00:21:22,875
饭吃完了收衣钵再把

436
00:21:22,886 --> 00:21:25,375
衣服及碗都收起来然后有

437
00:21:25,375 --> 00:21:28,150
一个动作洗足已还打水洗

438
00:21:28,150 --> 00:21:30,612
脚所以我说这一本经是

439
00:21:30,625 --> 00:21:33,324
最平实的经典佛像普通印度人一样

440
00:21:33,511 --> 00:21:35,737
光脚走路踩了泥巴还要洗

441
00:21:35,737 --> 00:21:39,500
脚非常平凡也非常平淡老老实实的

442
00:21:39,525 --> 00:21:41,662
就是一个人敷座而坐

443
00:21:42,223 --> 00:21:43,799
洗完了脚把自己打坐的

444
00:21:43,811 --> 00:21:45,886
位置铺一铺抖一抖弄

445
00:21:45,886 --> 00:21:48,699
得整整齐齐也没有叫学生服侍他

446
00:21:49,098 --> 00:21:50,836
更没有叫个佣人来打扫打扫

447
00:21:51,150 --> 00:21:54,261
都是自己做生活是那么严谨那么

448
00:21:54,275 --> 00:21:57,487
平淡而且那么有次序由这一段

449
00:21:57,500 --> 00:22:00,936
看来金刚经会使人觉得学佛要

450
00:22:00,949 --> 00:22:03,025
设法做到佛的样子才好不

451
00:22:03,025 --> 00:22:05,237
像其他经典那样把佛塑造得

452
00:22:05,261 --> 00:22:09,799
高不可攀只能想象膜拜但是看了金刚经

453
00:22:10,162 --> 00:22:12,473
佛原来同我们一样的平常虽

454
00:22:12,473 --> 00:22:14,787
是太子出家但是他过的生活

455
00:22:14,912 --> 00:22:17,936
同平民一样当时印度的阶级森严

456
00:22:18,250 --> 00:22:20,150
他却指定一个最低贫民出身的

457
00:22:20,162 --> 00:22:23,650
弟子优波离尊者执法管纪律任何

458
00:22:23,650 --> 00:22:26,699
人犯了法都一样处理所以在

459
00:22:26,711 --> 00:22:29,186
现实的生活里在最平凡中

460
00:22:29,362 --> 00:22:32,037
建立了一个非凡神圣的境界也就是

461
00:22:32,037 --> 00:22:32,750
佛的境界