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第一章日常生活中的正念昨天艾伦

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带着他的儿子乔伊来看我

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乔伊长得真快他已经7岁

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了说得一口流利的英语和

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法语甚至夹杂着一些从街上学

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来的俚语在法国抚养孩子的

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方式和我们家乡越南非常不一样

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在这里父母们相信自由对孩子

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的发展是必要的在艾伦和

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我谈话的两个小时里他必须时时

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注意乔伊乔伊在玩耍叽叽喳喳地不时

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打断我们让我们无法好好交谈我

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给他几本儿童图画书但他几乎

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连看都不看就把书

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扔到一边又来打断我们的

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谈话他要大人一直看着他

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后来乔伊穿上外套跑出去和

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一个邻居的孩子玩我问艾伦

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你觉得家庭生活轻松吗艾伦没有

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直接回答他说自从安娜出世他

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已经几个礼拜没睡过好觉了

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晚上苏因为太疲惫总会叫

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醒他让他去看看安娜是不是

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还好好的我起床去看小

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宝宝然后再回去睡觉有时候一个晚上

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要起来两三次家庭生活会比当

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个单身汉来得轻松吗我问艾伦

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也没有直接回答但是我明白他

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的意思我又问了另一个问题

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很多人说有个家庭就不会

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那么寂寞也比较有安全感真的

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是这样吗艾伦点点头轻声嘀咕

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些什么我了解他的意思然后

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艾伦说我发现可以让自己有

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更多时间的方法以前我把时间

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分割成好几个部分一部分陪乔伊一部分

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陪苏一部分给安娜另一部分拿

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来做家务剩下时间是我自己

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的我可以读书写文章作研究

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或者去散散步但是现在我试着

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不再去分割时间我把陪乔伊

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和苏的时间也当作我自己

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的时间为乔伊辅导家庭作业时我

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想办法把他的时间看做是

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我自己的我和他一起做

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作业感受他的存在并且想办法

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让自己对我们在那段时间

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里做的事感兴趣我和苏

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在一起也是如此结果不可以思议

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的是现在我有了无限的

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时间给自己艾伦微笑着说这些

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话我很惊讶我知道这些不是

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艾伦从任何书本中学来的而是

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他在日常生活中自己发现的洗

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碗就是洗碗三十年前当

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我还是慈孝寺的沙弥时洗碗

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可不是一件惬意的差事结夏安居时

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所有比丘都回到寺庙有时甚至有

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两百多位所有煮饭洗碗的工作

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全靠我们两个沙弥庙里没有

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肥皂只有草灰稻壳椰子壳就只有

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这些清洗堆积如山的碗盆可真是

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一件苦差事特别是在冬天水冻

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得像冰一样你必须在洗

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碗前先热好一大壶

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水如今厨房都有洗涤剂专用的

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菜瓜布甚至一开就来的热水

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洗碗变得轻松多了人们现在

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比较能够享受洗碗这件事

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任何人都可以很容易地洗

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好碗然后坐下来喝杯茶

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我可以接受用洗衣机洗衣服虽然

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我自己还是用手洗但是用

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机器洗碗就有点过了洗

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碗时人们就应该只是洗碗

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也就是说洗碗时应该对正在洗

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碗这个事实保持全然的觉知乍

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一看这似乎有点傻为什么要

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强调如此简单的事呢其实这正是

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关键我正站在这里洗碗这个事实

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是不可思议的实相当下我是完完全全

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的自己随顺自己的呼吸觉照

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到我的存在觉照到我

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的心念与动作我不会像个

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被浪花左拍右击的瓶子

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一般毫无觉知地被抛来抛

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去你手中的杯子我在美国

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有一个叫吉姆佛斯特的密友八年

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前我第一次遇见他时他在天主教

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和平联合会工作去年冬天吉姆来看我每次

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晚饭过后我通常都会先洗

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碗再坐下来和大家喝杯

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茶有一天晚上吉姆问可不可以让他

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来洗我说好但是如果你

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要洗碗你得知道洗碗

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的方法吉姆说得了吧你以为

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我不知道怎么洗碗吗我

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回答他洗碗的方法有两种

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第一种是为了把碗洗干净而

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洗碗第二种是为了洗碗而

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洗碗吉姆很高兴地说我

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选第二种为了洗碗而洗碗

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从那时起吉姆就知道怎样洗

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碗了整整一个星期我都把洗

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碗的重任交给他如果洗碗

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时我们只想着接下来要喝

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的那一杯茶并因此急急忙忙

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地把碗洗完就好像它们

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很令人厌恶似的那么我们就不是

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为了洗碗而洗碗更进一步来说

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洗碗时我们并没有活在当下事实上

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我们站在洗碗池边完全

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体会不到生命的奇迹如果我们

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不懂得洗碗很可能我们也

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不懂得喝茶喝茶时我们会只

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想着其他事几乎觉察不到

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自己手中的这杯茶就这样

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我们被未来吸走了无法实实在在

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地活着甚至连一分钟都做不

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到吃橘子我记得数年前吉姆

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和我第一次一起在美国旅行我们

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坐在一棵树下分吃

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一个橘子他开始谈论我们将来要

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做些什么无论何时只要我们构想一个

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吸引人或是令人振奋的计划吉姆

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就会深深地陷入其中以致全然忘

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了他当下正在做的事他

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掰了一瓣橘子放进嘴

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里在还没开始吃之前又

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掰好另一瓣准备送入口中

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他几乎意识不到自己正在吃

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橘子我只好对他说你应该

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把含在嘴里的那瓣

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橘子吃了吉姆这才惊觉自己

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正在做什么当时的情景就好像

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他根本不是在吃橘子如果说

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他吃下了什么那是在

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吃他未来的计划一个橘子有

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很多瓣如果你懂得好好吃哪怕

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是一瓣你大概会懂得好好

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地吃整个橘子但是如果你连

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其中的一瓣都不会吃那么

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你是不懂得吃橘子的吉姆

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明白这个道理他慢慢把手松下来

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专注地吃那一瓣已经含

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在嘴里的橘子他仔细地

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咀嚼然后吞下去接着才再掰

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一瓣后来吉姆因为反战运动入狱

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我很担心他能否忍受监狱的

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四面高墙于是写了一封简短

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的信给他还记得我们一起

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分享的那个橘子吗你在那里的生活

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就像那个橘子吃了它与

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它合为一体明天一切都会过去日常

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的正念偈语三十多年前我刚进

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寺庙时法师给了我一本宝华山

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独体禅师写的小书毗尼

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日用切要让我背下来那是

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一本很薄的书不到四十页

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但它收录了所有独体禅师在

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做任何事务时用来唤醒自心正念

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的心法清晨醒来他生出的

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第一个心念就是睡眠始寤当

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愿众生一切智觉周顾十方

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洗手时他也这样提醒自己保持

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正念以手盥掌当愿众生

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得清净手受持佛法整本

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书都是由这样的句子组成用来

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帮助初入佛门的修行者安守

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意念独体禅师以相对简单明了的法

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帮助我们这些小沙弥修习正念经当中

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的开示每一次穿衣洗碗

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如厕叠被担水或者刷牙你都

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可以照着书中的某个偈语来

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安守自己的意念正念经说行走时

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修行者应当觉知到他正在行走

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坐下时修行者应当觉知到他

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正在坐下躺下时修行者应当觉知

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到他正在躺下无论身体是何种

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姿势修行者都应当对此有所

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觉知如此修习修行者才能观照内身

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直入正念安住其中然而仅仅

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对身体姿势保持正念是不够的

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我们应当觉知每一次呼吸每一个

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动作每一个念想与感受觉知与

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我们相关的一切但是经文为何要

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教导这些呢我们如何才能找到修习

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正念的最佳时机如果你整天都

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在修习正念怎么会有充足的

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时间去做所有需要做的事

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以改变现状并建立一个更理想

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的社会艾伦如何能够一边打理工作

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辅导乔伊的功课给安娜洗尿布

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同时还能修习正念